autoimmune inner ear disease- a clinical viewpoint

recent developments in medicine have given us a better insight into a group of disorders known as autoimmune diseases. in particular, advances have occurred in our understanding of the autoimmune inner ear disease (aied). in this article, the authors review the different postulated theories in the pathogenesis of this disease. the clinical presentation, the available para-clinical diagnostic tools, and the important differential diagnoses will be summarized. the management methods, including steroid therapy, immunosuppressive medications, other biological agents and intra-tympanic injections, will be addressed. cochlear implantation as a final solution to the advanced stages of the disease, causing total deafness, will also be discussed.